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on numerous occasions. See People v. De La Paz, 204 Ill. 2d 426 (2003) (holding that Apprendi
v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 147 L. Ed. 2d 435, 120 S. Ct. 2348 (2000), which held that any fact
used to increase the penalty for a state crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum, other
than the fact of a prior conviction, had to be submitted to the jury and proved beyond a
reasonable doubt, does not apply to criminal cases in which direct appeals were exhausted before
Apprendi was decided); People v. Britt-El, 206 Ill. 2d 331 (2002) (holding that People v. Boclair,
202 Ill. 2d 89 (2002), which held that a trial court cannot summarily dismiss a postconviction
petition based on untimeliness, does not apply retroactively); People v. Hickey, 204 Ill. 2d 585
(2001) (holding that the new Illinois Supreme Court rules regarding capital sentences do not
apply retroactively); People v. Szabo, 186 Ill. 2d 19 (1998) (holding that People v. Johnson, 154
Ill. 2d 227 (1993), which held that a postconviction petitioner is entitled to the reasonable
assistance of counsel in postconviction proceedings, does not apply retroactively); People v.
Caballero, 179 Ill. 2d 205 (1997) (holding that Morgan v. Illinois, 504 U.S. 719, 119 L. Ed. 2d
492, 112 S. Ct. 2222 (1992), which held that a trial court must ask potential jurors, on voir dire
in capital cases, whether they would automatically impose the death penalty if the defendant was
convicted, does not have retroactive effect); People v. Holman, 164 Ill. 2d 356 (1995) (holding
that Powers v. Ohio, 499 U.S. 400, 113 L. Ed. 2d 411, 111 S. Ct. 1364 (1991), which held that a
defendant need not be a member of the same race as challenged venireperson to mount a Batson-type
challenge to venireperson’s exclusion, would not be applied retroactively on collateral
review); Flowers, 138 Ill. 2d at 239 (holding that People v. Reddick, 123 Ill. 2d 184 (1988),
which created a new rule relating to jury instructions on homicide, does not apply retroactively);
