Illinois Geologic Quadrangle Map
IGQ Columbia-SG
Base map compiled by Illinois State Geological Survey from digital data (Digital Line Graphs) provided by the United States Geological Survey. Topography compiled by photogrammetric methods from aerial photographs taken 1986. PLSS current as of 1991. Planimetry derived from imagery taken 1998.
North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83)
Projection: Transverse Mercator
10,000-foot ticks: Illinois State Plane Coordinate system, west zone (Transverse Mercator)
1,000-meter ticks: Universal Transverse Mercator grid system, zone 15
Recommended citation:
Grimley, D.A., 2009, Surficial Geology of Columbia Quadrangle, Monroe and St. Clair Counties, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geologic Quadrangle Map, IGQ Columbia-SG, 2 sheets, 1:24,000.
Geology based on field work by David A. Grimley, 1999–2000.
Digital cartography by Jennifer E. Carrell, Daniel R. Stevenson, and Jane E.J. Domier, Illinois State Geological Survey.
This research was supported in part by the U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (STATEMAP) under USGS award number 99HQAG0166. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government.
The Illinois State Geological Survey and the University of Illinois make no guarantee, expressed or implied, regarding the correctness of the interpretations presented in this document and accept no liability for the consequences of decisions made by others on the basis of the information presented here. The geologic interpretations are based on data that may vary with respect to accuracy of geographic location, the type and quantity of data available at each location, and the scientific and technical qualifications of the data sources. Maps or cross sections in this document are not meant to be enlarged.
IGQ Columbia-SG Sheet 1 of 2
SURFICIAL GEOLOGY OF COLUMBIA QUADRANGLE
MONROE AND ST. CLAIR COUNTIES, ILLINOIS
David A. Grimley
20091°APPROXIMATE MEANDECLINATION, 2009MAGNETIC NORTHTRUE NORTHROAD CLASSIFICATIONPrimary highway,hard surfaceSecondary highway,hard surfaceLight-duty road, hard orimproved surfaceUnimproved roadInterstate RouteU.S. RouteState Route
ADJOINING
QUADRANGLES
1 Webster Groves
2 Cahokia
3 French Village
4 Oakville
5 Millstadt
6 Valmeyer
7 Waterloo
8 Paderborn
BASE MAP CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 FEET
SUPPLEMENTARY CONTOUR INTERVAL 5 FEET
NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929
For more information contact:
Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability
Illinois State Geological Survey
615 East Peabody Drive
Champaign, Illinois 61820-6964
(217) 244-2414
http://www.isgs.illinois.edu
123456787000 FEET10001000020003000400050006000.51 KILOMETER10SCALE 1:24,0001/2101 MILE
© 2009 University of Illinois Board of Trustees. All rights reserved.
For permissions information, contact the Illinois State Geological Survey.
Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability
William W. Shilts, Executive Director
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
E. Donald McKay III, Interim Director
dgcc(f)c(c)heprc(s)gpbb-ltr|QUATERNARY DEPOSITSUnitHUDSON EPISODE (~12,000 years before present [B.P.] to today)Disturbed groundCahokia Formation (east of Mississippi bluffs)Cahokia Formation (silty fan deposits)Cahokia Formation(clayey facies)(Mississippi River valley only)Cahokia Formation (sandy facies)(Mississippi River valley only)WISCONSIN EPISODE (~55,000–12,000 years B.P.)Equality Formation Henry Formation (cross sections only)Peoria and Roxana SiltsILLINOIS EPISODE (~200,000–130,000 years B.P.)Teneriffe Silt(cross sections only)Glasford FormationPetersburg Silt(cross sections only)PRE-ILLINOIS and YARMOUTH EPISODES (~450,000–200,000 years B.P.)Lierle Clay Member, Banner Formation(cross sections only)PALEOZOIC BEDROCKUnitNear-surface bedrockDescriptionFill or removed earth; signifi-cant areas of earth material additions or disruptions by human activity; generally up to 40 feet thick (locally thicker at quarry) Silt loam to silty clay loam, with some sand or gravel beds, especially near unit base; yellowish brown to grayish brown; noncalcareous to weakly calcareous; crudely to well stratified; thickest near the mouth of large creek valleys (Carr and Palmer Creeks); 5 to 30 feet thickSilt loam to silty clay loam to sandy loam, with some silty clay interbeds; dark brown to grayish brown to very dark gray; massive to crudely stratified; 5 to 30 feet thick Silt, silty clay, and clay; olive- gray to very dark gray with brown mottles; firm; may contain slickensides; massive to strati-fied; 5 to 50 feet thick Fine sand with some medium to coarse sand and silt; yellowish brown to gray; medium to coarse sand becomes more common at depth; includes interbeds (<5 feet) of silty clay or silt in some areas; overlain by 0–4 feet of silty clay; typically 40 to 70 feet thick Silt and silty clay with some fine sand; yellowish brown to gray; massive to stratified; mapped on terraces generally below 470 feet elevation; leached to calcareous; 5 to 80 feet thick (unverified estimate)Medium to coarse sand with fine gravel, yellowish brown to brownish gray; well sorted, contains common erratic pebbles; subrounded to suban-gular; leached to calcareous; up to 50 feet thickSilt loam, light yellowish brown to grayish brown (Peoria Silt; upper unit) to slightly pinkish brown (Roxana Silt; lower unit); massive with weak soil struc-ture; modern soil (typically Alfisol) developed in upper 3 to 4 feet has more clay and blocky structure; Roxana Silt ~30 to 75% as thick as Peoria Silt in uneroded areas; leached to dolomitic; total loess thickness 5 to 60 feet Silt loam to silty clay loam to silty clay with some fine to medium sand beds; yellowish brown to grayish brown to dark gray; massive to stratified; mainly leached of carbonates; typically contains strong soil structure; 0 to 10 feet thickPebbly silt loam to silty clay loam diamicton with some sand and gravel or silt lenses; yellowish brown to light olive brown to dark gray; gray colors more common in lower unoxi-dized portions; common iron stains on joints and fractures; carbonate, chert, and shale pebbles of local source are common with erratics pebbles relatively scarce; leached to calcareous; 5 to 70 feet thickSilt loam to silty clay loam; dark grey to yellowish brown; soft to medium consistency; weakly stratified to massive; minor silty clay or fine sandy beds with some pebbles; may contain spruce (Picea) wood fragments; calcareous; 0 to 10 feet thick (discontinuous)Silt clay to silty clay loam to silt loam; rare pebbles; very dark greenish grey to dark gray; massive to weakly stratified; strong blocky to weak soil structure; noncalcareous; 0 to 10 feet thick (discontinuous)DescriptionBedrock exposures or bedrock within about 5 feet of land surface; limestone, shale, siltstone, sandstone, and coal; limestone is predominant in north-central and southwestern areas of the map InterpretationAnthropogenic fill in highway interchanges, levees, limestone quarries. Includes some areas of severely stripped land in construction areas, golf courses, and a large limestone quarry.Alluvium; in creek valleys tributary to the Mississippi River valley; generally silt-rich due to incorporation of loess deposits from surrounding uplandsAlluvial fan deposits in the Mississippi Valley; mainly redeposited silty loess trans-ported by streams in adjacent uplands (especially Carr and Palmer Creeks); weakly devel-oped buried soils may occur within fan deposits; underlain by 0 to 30 feet of Henry Formation sand and gravelBackswamp or abandoned channel deposits; infillings in former channels of the Missis-sippi River; underlain by Cahokia Formation sand (up to 40 feet thick) and Henry Forma-tion (0 to 40 feet thick)Point bar and channel depos-its in the Mississippi River Valley; underlain by Henry Formation sand and gravel; may have a thin cover of fine-grained overbank deposits (<5 feet)Slackwater lake deposits, in backwater tributaries of the Mississippi River valley, aggraded during glacial times; occurs beneath terraces along Carr and Palmer Creek valleys; may have a loess cover of a few to several feetOutwash deposited in the Mississippi River valley, related to aggradation resulting from glaciation in upper Midwest; overlain by 50 to 80 feet of postglacial alluvium (Cahokia Formation)Windblown silt (loess); includes some colluvial or redeposited loess along steep slopes; loess thickness on uneroded uplands shown by contours lines on map (dashed lines); thickest on stable land-scapes proximal to Mississippi River valley bluffs Loess with some depres-sional or lake deposits; may include areas with redeposited loess into lowlands; generally thickest proximal to Mississippi River valley bluffs; contains Sangamon Geosol (interglacial) weatheringGlacial till and ice-marginal sediment; contains the solum of the Sangamon Geosol in upper 4 to 7 feet; covered by 0 to 4 feet of Peoria and Roxana Silts (loess); overlies thin silt, colluvium, residuum, or bedrock Slackwater lake deposits and loess; lake deposits occur in former bedrock valleys or lows; eolian silt occurs on some upland areas; typically overlies colluvium or bedrockAccretionary deposits in former depressions or lowlands; contains Yarmouth Geosol (interglacial) soil development, which occurred during deposi-tional period (cumulic soil)InterpretationShallow marine, deltaic, and fluvial; Mississippian limestone occurs near-surface where karst is visible; Pennsylvanian rocks with various lithologies occur within the Columbia syncline due south of the town of Colum-bia (between sinkholed areas) (Devera 2000)AA$T$T"e"e"e"e"kS26211"eData TypeOutcropOutcrop in field notes (ISGS archives)Stratigraphic boringWater well boringEngineering boringCoal boringOther boring, including oil and gasLabels indicate samples (S).Boring and outcrop labels indicate the county number.Dot indicates boring is to bedrock.ContactInferred contactLoess thickness contourLine of cross sectionNote: The county number is a portion of the 12-digit API number on file at the ISGS Geological Records Unit. Most well and boring records are available online from the ISGS Web site.5005005506505506006005506305004004054054004206505506805506706707005004056604106004906006004054055505505805005005005005506005706065063050066060065070040565063055053040560065048055060055057065068045060060050065060065059062045064045041050065065065063055058050600650630450500500500600650620680405630630650450450550500550650650650680560630600450891011127865432165343132333536731323029287262530291920212223241920171816151418171378910711812645321653132323334353631322931583158158158335025550255R. 10 W.R. 9 W.T. 1 S.T. 2 S.T. 1 S.T. 2 S.T. 1 N.T. 1 S.T. 1 N.T. 1 S.R. 10 W.R. 9 W.30 feet loess 20 feet loess 15 feet loess "kS"kS"kS"kS"kS"kS$T$T$0$0$0$T$T$0$T$0$T$0$0$0$T$0$0$T$T$0$T$0$0$0$T$T$T$T$0$0$0$0$T$T$T$T$T$T$T"e"e"e"e"k"k"k"k"k"e"e"k"k"k"k"k"k"k"e"k"k"e"e"e"e"k"k"k"k"k"k"k"e"k"k"k"k"k"k"e"e"e"k"k"k"e"e"k"e"kS"kS"eS$Tprprprprprccccggggc(s)c(c)cdgc(f)cccprdgccc(s)c(s)c(s)ccc(c)c(f)cc(s)gcccprprprprprprprprprcc(c)gdggcggec(s)gc(c)gcc(f)gc(s)dgggccprprprprprprprgccc(s)eecccccc(c)c(s)c(c)gecgccprpregdgc(s)ggggggc(c)gedgcggdgggdgegegcggc(s)prccgc(c)dggcegc(c)c(s)dgc(f)gcccggc(c)c(c)gegcec(c)c(f)|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||00212221192231723198223182320022317306703067030673231772321823199232012318223195231942319823187227682256922559225512227122363224428353029222928528248223490045222277222672263822638226392264022564226392264020931002082256400103227060045920649004410060300603071200523217322275422752227512275300453216672487921666223182231922352223420045421444004570272022434216592224622295222830042924842591027618263160172503297263552270522781227002232030669306683066330662306653066630666306672318923178306642319023192231913066136602318023179232022318523184231832318123196231972318823200231932318623176275512274922750227482276730671AABBCC
