Surficial Geology of Madison County, Illinois

              Illinois Preliminary Geologic Map
IPGM Madison County-SG
Base map compiled by Illinois State Geological Survey from 1:100,000-scale Digital Line Graph data provided by the United States Geological Survey.
North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83)
Lambert Conformal Conic Projection
Recommended citation:
Grimley, D.A. and A. C. Phillips, 2006, Surficial Geology of Madison County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Preliminary Geologic Map, IPGM Madison County-SG, 1:100,000.
Geology based on field work and data compilation by D. Grimley and A. Phillips, 1997–2006.
Digital cartography by J. Carrell and J. Domier, Illinois State Geological Survey.
This Illinois Preliminary Geologic Map (IPGM) is a lightly edited product, subject to less scientific and carto­graphic review than our Illinois Geological Quadrangle (IGQ) series. It will not necessarily correspond to the format of IGQ series maps, or to those of other IPGM series maps. Whether or when this map will be upgraded depends on the resources and priorities of the ISGS.
This geologic map was funded in part by the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessar­ily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government.
The Illinois State Geological Survey, the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, and the State of Illinois make no guarantee, expressed or implied, regarding the correctness of the interpretations presented in this document and accept no liability for the consequences of decisions made by others on the basis of the information present­ed here. The geologic interpretations are based on data that may vary with respect to accuracy of geographic location, the type and quantity of data available at each location, and the scientific and technical qualifications of the data sources. Maps or cross sections in this document are not meant to be enlarged.
IPGM Madison County-SG
SURFICIAL GEOLOGY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS
David A. Grimley and Andrew C. Phillips
2006MAGNETIC NORTHAPPROXIMATE MEANDECLINATION, 2006TRUE NORTH / °12ROAD CLASSIFICATIONInterstate RouteU.S. RouteState RouteOther paved roads
ADJACENT
COUNTIES
1 Madison
2 Jersey
3 Macoupin
4 Montgomery
5 Bond
6 Clinton
7 St. Clair
2
314567
For more information contact:Illinois State Geological Survey 615 East Peabody Drive
Champaign, Illinois 61820-6964
(217) 244-2414
http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu
Released by the authority of the State of Illinois: 2006
1
10 KILOMETERS0124356789SCALE 1:100 00018 MILES10234567
Illinois Department of Natural Resources
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
William W. Shilts, Chief
200400600400400600800800Elevation(feet)AA􀀁􀅗WestEastPiasa CreekWest ForkWood RiverEast ForkWood RiverIndian CreekPaddock CreekCahokia CreekSilver CreekEast ForkSilver CreekIL-3US-67IL-140IL-140Paddock CreekIL-4I-55Il-160Grantforkbggbggggggb-cgcegb-cprbgprbPennsylvanianbedrock(&)Pennsylvanianbedrock(&)Mississippianbedrock(M)bprprccprprceceeb-cbb?ccpl-heccepyecplprplcccccccplcccegc(s)prbbggpbc(s)prbMississippianbedrock(M)Pennsylvanianbedrock(&)Pennsylvanianbedrock(&)prc(c)?c(s)hcc(c)c(c)c(c)c(c)cbprc(c)prcprplplpreprprcgpl-hdgcprcdgc(f)c(c)cccprcc(c)dgggdgChain of RocksCanalMcDonoughLakeHorseshoe LakeIL 3I-255SchoolhouseBranchCanteenCreekSilverCreekSugarCreekEast ForkSilver CreekEast ForkSilver CreekI-259I-55/70US 40US 40IL 160IL 157US 40200400600200400600800800Elevation(feet)BB􀀁􀅗WestEast
This surficial geology map is a compilation of 1:24,000-scale quadrangle maps funded by the STATEMAP component of the National Coopera­tive Geologic Mapping Program and undertaken from 1997–2006. Eleven published 7.5-minute quadrangle maps (listed below), 4 unpublished maps (contract reports cited below) as well as surficial geology mapping of remain­ing portions of Madison County were merged digitally. Slight modifications were made to previously mapped quadrangles where more recent work has improved our understanding of the geology or for consistency of unit map­ping. Detailed descriptions of map units as well as extensive text and cross sections for each quadrangle are available with the published quadrangles. Digital products are available on the ISGS website (http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu/isgshome/online_maps_data.htm). Data used to compose the surficial map include the county soil report (Goddard and Sabata 1982), outcrops, and subsurface boring information from stratigraphic tests, engineering tests, coal tests, and water wells.
The surficial geology of the county varies widely from thick alluvium in the broad Mississippi River valley (known as the American Bottoms) in the southwest to thin drift (usually < 50 feet) and abundantly exposed Paleozoic bedrock in the northwest (west of Alton) to thick loess cover in south-central areas (Edwardsville to Collinsville) to ice-contact deposits in the “ridged-drift” in eastern areas. Madison County was covered by continental glaciers twice by ice advancing from the northeast during the Quaternary Period; first, during the pre-Illinois episode and second, during the Illinois Episode (Will­man and Frye 1970; Hansel and Johnson 1996; Grimley et al. 2001). During the Wisconsin Episode (last regional glaciation), the area was not covered by ice but did receive glacial meltwater from the north that deposited silt, sand, and gravel (outwash) in the Mississippi Valley. Deflation of silty waterlain deposits in the American Bottoms by prevailing westerly winds during the last glaciation resulted in a significant cover of loess deposits (dashed-line contours on map). The loess is thickest (up to 95 feet) at the bluffs immedi­ately east of the broad Mississippi Valley and thins to the east and northeast. Mississippian bedrock is exposed in areas west of Alton along the bluffs of the Mississippi River and along nearby tributaries. To the east of Alton, Penn­sylvanian bedrock is exposed sporadically near bedrock topographic highs where drift has been eroded along ravines and creeks.
Drift thickness (Quaternary deposits) is typically 25 to 150 feet in the county, but can be up to 200 feet over infilled preglacial bedrock valleys (north-central areas). Pre-Illinois episode deposits, up to 125 feet thick, include preglacial Quaternary alluvium (Canteen member, Banner Formation), till and ice-marginal deposits (Banner Formation), that have served to partially infill many north-south oriented preglacial bedrock valleys. Illinois Episode deposits, up to 120 feet thick, include till and ice-marginal deposits (Glasford Formation), outwash (Pearl Formation, outwash facies), and ice-contact deposits in ridges (Pearl Formation, Hagarstown Member). Wisconsin Epi­sode deposits include loess (Peoria and Roxana Silts) up to 95 feet thick, outwash (Henry Formation) up to 145 feet thick in terraces near Wood River, and lake sediment (Equality Formation), up to 100 feet thick. The lake sedi­ment was deposited in backwater areas, now terraces, along Cahokia Creek, Indian Creek, and Wood River valleys during last-glacial aggradation of the Mississippi River. Postglacial deposits (up to 60 feet thick) include various alluvial deposits (facies of the Cahokia Formation; clayey and sandy deposits are distinguished only in the Mississippi Valley) as well as colluvial deposits (Peyton Formation) along steep slopes in northwestern areas. Alluvial fans (Cahokia Formation, fan facies) are mapped at the base of the eastern bluffs of the American Bottoms, where thick loess deposits have been mobilized and redeposited on the eastern edge of the valley. Areas of anthropogenic fill (disturbed ground) are mapped in industrial areas, landfills, and the many interstate interchanges, particularly in the American Bottoms.
References
Goddard, T.M. and L.R. Sabata, 1982, Soil survey: Madison County, Illinois: University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station and United States Dept. of Agriculture.
Grimley, D.A., A.C. Phillips, L.R. Follmer, H. Wang, and R.S. Nelson, 2001, Quaternary and environmental geology of the St. Louis Metro East area, in David Malone, ed., Guidebook for Field Trip for the 35th Annual Meet­ing of the North-Central Section of the Geological Society of America: Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook 33, p. 21–73.
Hansel, A.K., and W.H. Johnson, 1996, Wedron and Mason Groups: Lithostratigraphic reclassification of deposits of the Wisconsin Episode, Lake Michigan Lobe: Illinois State Geological Survey, Bulletin 104, 116 p.
Willman, H.B., and J.C. Frye, 1970, Pleistocene stratigraphy of Illinois: Il­linois State Geological Survey, Bulletin 94, 204 p.
Published Maps
Grimley, D.A., 1999, Surficial geology map, Alton Quadrangle (Illinois portion), Madison County, IL: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geologic Quadrangle Map, IGQ Alton SG, 1:24,000.
Grimley, D.A., 2002, Surficial geology map, Elsah Quadrangle, Jersey and Madison Counties, IL: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geologic Quadrangle Map, IGQ Elsah-SG, scale 1:24,000.
Grimley, D.A., 2004, Surficial geology of Worden Quadrangle, Madison County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Preliminary Geologic Map, IPGM Worden-SG, 1:24,000.
Grimley, D.A., 2005, Surficial geology of Bethalto Quadrangle, Madison and Macoupin Counties, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geologic Quadrangle Map, IGQ Bethalto-SG, 1:24,000.
Grimley, D.A., 2005, Surficial geology of New Douglas Quadrangle, Madison and Macoupin Counties, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Preliminary Geologic Map, IPGM New Douglas-SG, 1:24,000.
Grimley, D.A. and S.W. Lepley, 2005, Surficial geology of Wood River Quad­rangle, Madison County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Preliminary Geologic Map, IPGM Wood River-SG, 1:24,000.
Grimley, D.A. and A.C. Phillips, 2005, Surficial geology of Grantfork Quad­rangle, Madison County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Preliminary Geologic Map, IPGM Grantfork-SG, 1:24,000.
Phillips, A.C., 2004, Surficial geology of Collinsville Quadrangle, Madison and St. Clair Counties, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Preliminary Geologic Map, IPGM Collinsville-SG, 1:24,000.
Phillips, A.C., 2004, Surficial geology of St. Jacob Quadrangle, Madison and St. Clair Counties, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Pre­liminary Geologic Map, IPGM St. Jacob-SG, 1:24,000.
Phillips, A.C., 2005, Surficial geology of Highland Quadrangle, Madison and St. Clair Counties, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Preliminary Geologic Map, IPGM Highland-SG, 1:24,000.
Phillips, A.C., and D.A. Grimley, 2004, Surficial geology of Marine Quad­rangle, Madison County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Preliminary Geologic Map, IPGM Marine-SG, 1:24,000.
Contract Reports
Grimley, D.A., A.C. Phillips, and S.W. Lepley, 2000, Surficial geology of Monks Mound Quadrangle: Contract report, U.S. Geological Survey, National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program 00HQAG0151: Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, IL.
Phillips, A.C., 2003, Surficial geology of Edwardsville Quadrangle: Contract report, U.S. Geological Survey, National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program 02HQAG0042: Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, IL.
Phillips, A.C. 2003, Surficial geology of Prairietown Quadrangle: Contract report, U.S. Geological Survey, National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program 02HQAG0042: Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, IL.
Phillips, A.C., D.A. Grimley, and S.W. Lepley, 2000, Surficial geology of Granite City Quadrangle: Contract report, U.S. Geological Survey, Na­tional Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program 00HQAG0151: Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, IL.
cc(f)c(c)c(s)pyplgpb&Mpl-hdgprhecebb-cQUATERNARY DEPOSITSUnitHUDSON EPISODE (~12,000 years before present (B.P.) to today)Disturbed groundCahokia Formation (undivided)Cahokia Formation(fan facies)Cahokia Formation(clayey facies)Cahokia Formation (sandy facies)Peyton FormationCahokia or Equality Formation(undifferentiated)WISCONSIN EPISODE (~75,000–12,000 years B.P.)Equality Formation(hachures on map where buried)Henry FormationPeoria and Roxana SiltsILLINOIS EPISODE (~200,000–130,000 years B.P.)Hagarstown Member, Pearl Formation(stipples on map where buried)Pearl Formation(outwash facies)(hachures on map where buried)Glasford Formation(< 5 feet of loess cover)Petersburg Silt(cross sections only)PRE-ILLINOIS EPISODE (~700,000–400,000 years B.P.)Banner Formation,(undivided) (cross sections only)Banner Formation,Canteen member(cross sections only)PRE-QUATERNARY DEPOSITSUnitPennsylvanian or Mississippian bedrockInterpretationMan-made fill or excavationsRiver deposits (alluvium); mapped in valleys tributary to the Mississippi ValleyAlluvial fan deposits; mainly reworked loess from bluffs east of American BottomsOverbank alluvium, abandoned channel and swale fills; mapped only in Mississippi ValleyAlluvium; point bar and channel deposits; mapped only in Mississippi ValleySediments moved downslope by gravity (colluvium); creep layers, slumps, or landslidesOverbank alluvium or lake deposits; occurs on or near the Wood River TerraceLake deposits; of slackwater origin during peak Mississippi River aggradationOutwash (glacial meltwater deposits); on Wood River Terrace in northern American BottomsLoess (windblown silt); blankets all uplands; thickness contours shown on map; thins eastward from Mississippi Valley bluffsIce-contact sediments; deposited mainly in ice-marginal, subglacial, or supraglacial channels; locally includes glaciotectonic faulting and deformationOutwash; common in loess-covered terraces along Silver CreekTill and ice marginal deposits; includes subglacial and supraglacial depositsLake sediment; deposited under slackwater conditions or ice marginal setings.Till and ice marginal deposits; includes subglacial fill and supraglacial debris flows; may include lake sedimentPreglacial alluvium and lake deposits; may include some residuum or colluvium at base; occurs mainly in preglacial bedrock valleysInterpretationBedrock outcrops or bedrock within 5 feet of land surface; most common in bluff area west of Alton; includes Pennsylvanian and Mississippian rocksDescriptionFill or removed earth; various sediment typesMainly silt, silty clay and fine sand; weakly to well stratified; includes some coarser bedsSilt loam with thin fine sand beds; weakly stratifiedSilty clay loam, silty clay, and silty loam; massive to stratified; some fine sand lensesVery fine, fine and medium sand; stratified; moderately to well sorted Silt loam, pebbly silt loam or pebbly silty clay diamicton Silty clay to silt with some fine sand; massive to stratifiedSilt loam to silty clay loam with some fine sand; massive to stratifiedFine, medium and coarse sand; stratified; generally coarsens at depth; some gravelly zonesSilt loam; massive; upper 3/5 of unit is more tan or gray (Peoria); lower portion has pinkish hue (Roxana)Mixture of loam, sand and gravel, and diamicton; weakly stratified; poorly to well sorted sands; may be fractured or faulted (from glacial processes)Sand with some gravel; stratified; may include silty or clayey zones, especially near surface Pebbly loam diamicton (mixture of clay, silt, sand, and gravel); generally massive; includes some sand and gravel lenses (especially in upper portion)Silt loam to silty clay loam; massive to weakly stratified; locally fossiliferous.Pebbly silty clay loam diamicton; generally massive; include sand and gravel lenses, zones of stratified silt near baseSilty clay loam, silty clay, and silt loam; weakly stratified; contains some fine sand bedsDescriptionShale, siltstone, limestone, and sandstone; less commonly beds of coal and underclayCross SectionsSand, may contain some gravel or siltSand with gravelLaminated silt and clayMixture of loam, sand and gravel, diamicton, and/or silty clayDiamicton, massive silt, or other fine-grained sedimentContactInferred contactHorizontal scale: 1 inch = ~8,333 feetVertical scale: 1 inch = 200 feetVertical exaggeration: ~42×15AA􀀁􀅉Illinois Episode till border (areas to southwest of line are driftless)Note: Loess contours show the combined thickness of Peoria and Roxana Silts on uneroded upland areas. The actual thickness at a given spot may be much less, especially along valley slopes where post-depositional erosion of loess has been significant (see cross sections).Line of cross sectionLoess thickness contour (in feet) T 6 NT 3 NT 4 NT 5 NT 6 NT 3 NT 4 NT 5 NR 10 WR 9 WR 8 WR 7 WR 6 WR 5 WR 10 WR 9 WR 8 WR 7 WR 6 WR 5 WDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD612550610561571609506444561512516441570515572530400416420402442532439514612!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!TroyHamelAltonWordenVeniceRoxanaMarineGodfreyHighlandHartfordBethaltoAlhambraSt. JacobMaryvilleGrantforkWood RiverWilliamsonLivingstonEastAltonNewDouglasGlenCarbonSt. LouisGranite CityEdwardsvilleCollinsvilleMississippiRiverMississippiRiverMissouriRiverChain of Rocks CanalHorseshoeLakeSugarCreekCahokiaCreek16016041401401401003111441621571621111113159157157159143555570255270IndianCreekWoodRiveEastForkPiasaCreekCahokiaCreekWoodRiverWestForkPaddockCreek67674070SilverCreekMISSOURIILLINOISILLINOISMISSOURI&HighlandSilverLakeSilverCreekEastForkSilverCreek1431431431020153025101560303040tillborderprprc(c)c(c)prpypypyMMMMMpyprprprprprccccdgcghcgghprgccccgghprprc(f)gc(s)c(c)ccprcprc(s)cccccggprc(s)prplpl-hprdggcgcgprgcccprprc(s)cec(s)prc(f)prprc(c)c(s)gprc(f)c(f)c(f)c(f)c(f)c(s)dggcepredgprcdgcprprgchc(c)c(f)hprprprc(s)dgprdgeprc(c)c(c)dgceegdgdgeprc(s)c(c)dgprdgc(f)cedgprpredgdg&&&&&&&&&&pl-hpl-hABB􀀙􁥁A􀀙􁤦&