Surficial Geology of Johnston City Quadrangle, Williamson and Franklin Counties, Illinois

              Illinois Geologic Quadrangle Map
IGQ Johnston City-SG
Base map compiled by Illinois State Geological Survey from digital data provided by the
United States Geological Survey. Topography by photogrammetric methods from aerial
photographs taken in 1959. Field checked 1963. Photoinspected 1976; no major changes.
North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27)
Projection: Transverse Mercator
10,000-foot ticks: Illinois State Plane Coordinate system, east zone (Transverse Mercator)
1,000-meter ticks: Universal Transverse Mercator grid system, zone 16
Recommended citation:
Follmer, L.R., and W.J. Nelson, 2010, Surficial Geology of Johnston City Quadrangle, Wil-liamson
and Franklin Counties, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geo-logic
Quadrangle Map, IGQ Johnston City-SG, 1:24,000.
Geology based on field work and data analysis by Leon R. Follmer and W. John Nelson,
2001–2004.
Natural Resource Conservation Service staff, Carbondale office, assisted with field work
and the drilling of stratigraphic test borings.
Digital cartography by Jane E. J. Domier, Jennifer E. Carrell, Amanda Tovey, Joseph B.
Magnotta, and Daniel R. Stevenson, Illinois State Geological Survey.
The Illinois State Geological Survey and the University of Illinois make no guarantee,
expressed or implied, regarding the correctness of the interpretations presented in this
document and accept no liability for the consequences of decisions made by others on the
basis of the information presented here. The geologic interpretations are based on data
that may vary with respect to accuracy of geographic location, the type and quantity of
data available at each location, and the scientific and technical qualifications of the data
sources. Maps in this document are not meant to be enlarged.
IGQ Johnston City-SG
SURFICIAL GEOLOGY OF JOHNSTON CITY QUADRANGLE
WILLIAMSON AND FRANKLIN COUNTIES, ILLINOIS
Leon R. Follmer and W. John Nelson
2010
1 / ° 1 2
APPROXIMATE MEAN
DECLINATION, 2010
MAGNETIC NORTH
TRUE NORTH
ROAD CLASSIFICATION
Primary highway,
hard surface
Secondary highway,
hard surface
Light-duty road, hard or
improved surface
Unimproved road
Interstate Route State Route
ADJOINING
QUADRANGLES
1 Christopher
2 West Frankfort
3 Thompsonville
4 Herrin
5 Pittsburg
6 Crab Orchard Lake
7 Marion
8 Crab Orchard
BASE MAP CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 FEET
NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929
1 2 3
4 5
6 7 8
© 2010 University of Illinois Board of Trustees. All rights reserved.
For permission information, contact the Illinois State Geological Survey.
1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 FEET
1 .5 0 1 KILOMETER
SCALE 1:24,000
1 1/ 2 0 1 MILE
Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability
William W. Shilts, Executive Director
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
E. Donald McKay III, Director
For more information contact:
Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability
Illinois State Geological Survey
615 East Peabody Drive
Champaign, Illinois 61820-6964
(217) 244-2414
http://www.isgs.illinois.edu
Williamson County surficial geology and 7.5-minute quadrangles.
MARION
HERRIN
PITTSBURG
CRAB ORCHARD
JOHNSTON
CITY CRAB ORCHARD
LAKE
HARCO
DE SOTO
CARRIER
MILLS
GOREVILLE
LICK
CREEK
CARBONDALE
CREAL
SPRINGS
STONEFORT
MAKANDA
Equality–fine
Equality–silty
Equality–sandy
Disturbed ground
Cahokia Fm
Teneriffe Silt
Pearl Fm
Glasford Fm
Glasford Fm–
stratified
loess
bedrock
water
0 2 4 6
MILES
c
dg
e-2
e-1
g
g(s)
pl
tr
Interpretation
Made land; includes surface coal
mines in varying states of reclama-tion,
along with mine waste piles (gob
and slurry)
Alluvium; mostly formed during
post-glacial times (Holocene); largely
derived from eroded Peoria loess;
mildly weathered and leached;
weakly developed soil profile in the
upper 5 feet; underlain by Equality
clay or fine sand at lower elevations
and by bedrock at higher elevations
General characteristics: Glacial
slackwater lake deposits formed
during the last glaciation (Late
Wisconsinan); contains multiple
fining-upward sequences with few
erosion surfaces and no desiccation
surfaces; moderately to strongly
weathered in upper 10 feet forming
well-developed soils (Alfisols); thin
alluvial or eolian deposits cover most
of unit; subdivided into two map units:
e-1 and e-2
Fine-grained facies inset into e-2
forming a low terrace 0 to 10 feet
above floodplains along main rivers;
scarps rarely mark floodplain border;
recent alluvium transgressing onto
unit in places; mostly covered by
well-developed, poorly drained clayey
soils
Silty facies forming a complex high
terrace; gentle scarps commonly
separate e-1 from e-2; covered by
eolian silt and local eolian sand with
well-developed soils more oxidized
than soils on the e-1 surface
Glacial lacustrine deposits of
Illinoian age covered by 4 to 10 feet
of weathered loess (three loess units
are distinguishable where thicker
than about 5 feet: upper–Peoria Silt,
yellowish brown to gray with strong
pedologic structure resulting from the
formation of the modern soil;
middle–Roxana Silt, reddish brown to
reddish gray with weak pedologic
structure resulting from the formation
of the Farmdale Geosol; and
lower–Loveland Silt, brown to dark
gray with strong pedologic structure
resulting from the formation of the
Sangamon Geosol; the Peoria and
Roxana occur at most locations; the
Loveland Silt is often absent; loess
units are largely distinguished by
their pedogenic features); upper part
contains Sangamon Geosol;
indistinct boundaries between units;
forms a terrace at the same level as
e-2; lowland end member facies of
Illinoian glacial sequence
Glacial fluvial and lacustrine
deposits of Illinoian age covered by
4 to 10 feet of loess; upper part
contains Sangamon Geosol; forms
several undifferentiated terrace levels
above e-2 and tr units, separated by
scarps in places producing a stepped
geomorphic surface; a facies
member between Teneriffe (tr) and
Glasford stratified deposits (g(s)) in
Illinoian glacial sequence of William-son
County; formed during the next
to the last glaciation (Illinoian) as the
result of meltwater accumulation
forming a large lake basin that later
evolved into the modern Big Muddy
River basin
General characteristics: Glacial till
and associated water-laid and mass
wasted deposits of Illinoian age
covered by 5 to 10 feet of loess;
largely derived from Pennsylvanian
shale; forms a veneer of glacial drift
deposits across the uplands of most
of Williamson County and fills in
preglacial valleys; loess cover thins
on sloping land along the southern
border of Williamson County; upper
part contains Sangamon Geosol;
divisible into two map units: Glasford
stratified deposits (g(s)) and Glasford
till (g); upland end member facies of
Illinoian glacial sequence
Ablation deposits; water trans-ported
and glacial debris-flow
deposits with soft-sediment
deformation features; likely contains
gravel at the base and overlies dense
basal till where glacial deposits are
thick; missing in places where loess
overlies eroded bedrock (bench);
laterally grades into till (g) or Pearl
Formation sand (pl); largely restricted
to discontinuous terrace levels
(localized level areas) across the
uplands at elevations from 420 up to
550 feet; formed on the Illinoian
glacier after stagnation; temporary
ice-walled lakes accumulated
sediments that formed terraces now
buried by loess; erosional benches
common in some areas that form a
continuous geomorphic surface with
terraces
Till; more dense and uniform than
diamicton in g(s); underlies most of
the gently rolling hills of the county;
variable thickness ranging from a
veneer of a few feet to over 100 feet
thick in buried valleys; upland facies
end member of Illinoian glacial
sequence, made up of map units g,
g(s), pl, and tr; discontinuous in
places because of fluvial erosion or a
nondepositional mode of the glacier
(glacial erosion)
QUATERNARY DEPOSITS
Unit
HOLOCENE STAGE (Present to 10,000 years B.P.)
Disturbed ground
Cahokia Formation
WISCONSINAN STAGE (10,000 to 75,000 years B.P.)
Equality Formation
(divided into two units)
Equality Formation
(fine facies)
Equality Formation
(silty facies)
ILLINOIAN STAGE (128,000 to 180,000 years B.P.)
Teneriffe Silt
Pearl Formation
Glasford Formation
(divided into two units)
Glasford
stratified deposits
Glasford till
Material
Man-made deposits; mixtures of
loess, glacial deposits, shale, and
coal mine wastes
Silt-rich deposits ranging from silt
loam to silty clay; dark gray to
brown, mottled below 3 feet, totally
gray below 10 feet; weakly bedded in
lower part; gravel lenses in lower
parts of thick intervals; noncalcare-ous
matrix but contains secondary
calcite nodules below solum of soil in
places; ranges up to 30 feet thick
General features: Silt loam to clay;
brown, olive, or dark gray with
common orange and black mottles;
uniformly gray below about 20 feet;
uniform in upper part, poorly to
distinctly bedded at depth; few lenses
of silt and coarse sand with some
gravel in lower parts of thick intervals;
calcareous in lower part and leached
of carbonates from surface to 15 to
25 feet, calcite nodules common in
upper few feet of calcareous interval;
organic debris and calcareous fossils
common in lower part; ranges up to
100 feet thick
Clay to silty clay with a silt loam
surface layer many places; mostly
olive or gray with orange and black
mottles in upper part; ranges up to
100 feet thick; lower part may be unit
e-2
Silty clay with a cover of silty or
loamy deposits 3 to 6 feet thick;
brown to mottled gray to uniform gray
with depth; ranges up to 50 feet thick
Silty clay to clay loam covered by
weathered silt loam to silty clay;
mottled olive-gray to gray; strong
pedogenic features in upper 10 feet;
calcareous and bedded in lower part,
few lenses of sand and gravel; may
range up to 50 feet thick and overlie
fine sand or bedrock
Fine sand to clay loam covered by
weathered silt loam to silty clay loam;
yellowish brown to mottled brown to
gray; strong pedogenic features and
clay-rich in upper 10 feet; leached to
a depth of about 20 feet below the
ground surface; calcareous and
bedded in lower part; commonly
thin-bedded very fine sand, well
sorted with a few thin lenses of silty
clay; secondary calcite common in
the upper part of the calcareous
zone; thickness uncertain, may range
up to 50 feet thick; beds of coarser
sand and gravel are expected near
base of unit
General features: Silty diamicton
dominated by silt loam and silty clay
loam with variable amounts of clay,
sand, and pebbles; covered by 5 to
10 feet of weathered silty clay loam
at most locations; brown to gray
colors with common yellowish and
dark mottles; strong pedogenic
features and more sand or clay in
upper 5 feet; leached to a depth of
about 20 feet below the ground
surface; stratified in places; dark gray,
compact, and unoxidized in lower
part, which commonly contains
detrital wood, pyrite, and other
oxidizable minerals; average
thickness of 20 to 30 feet and can
exceed 100 feet thick in places;
pebble content from <1 to 5%,
dominated by Pennsylvanian
lithologies, mostly sandstone, quartz,
chert, and an assortment of crystal-line
rocks
Stratified clay loam, silt loam to
silty clay loam with lenses of sand
and loamy diamicton; deformed
structures and variable fabric and
textures; few fining-upward trends in
places overlying sparse pebble
bands
Silty clay loam diamicton that
varies from pebbly silty clay to silt
loam diamicton; very few pebbles in
places; typical till fabric, compact and
uniform
"e 35547 Stratigraphic boring with continuous samples of surficial
sediments examined by the authors
Contact
Data Type
Note: Numeric labels indicate the county number, a portion of the
12-digit API number on file at the ISGS Geological Records Unit. Online
well and boring records are available from the ISGS Web site.
"e
"e
"e
"e
"e
"e
24025
24042
24041
24040
24026
24025
c
g
g
dg
tr
c
tr
g
c
g(s)
pl
pl
c
tr
c
pl
pl
pl
c
g(s)
g(s)
g(s)
dg
pl
pl
c
e-2
e-2
pl
pl
pl
e-2
g
g
pl
g(s)
g(s)
e-2
g(s)
g(s)
g(s)
e-1
dg
c
g(s)
dg
tr
g
tr
g
g(s)
g(s)
dg
g(s)
g(s)
g(s)
g(s)
g(s)
g
pl
c
dg
pl
g
dg
dg
g(s)
pl
pl
c
c
c
g(s)
c
pl
g(s)
dg
e-2
pl
e-1
g(s)
e-2
g(s)
c
pl
e-2
pl
g(s)
pl
e-1
c
c
g(s)
dg
pl
c
c
g
g(s)
c
c
pl
c
dg
g(s)
pl
dg
pl
e-1
e-1
c
c
pl
e-1
g(s)
dg
g(s)
e-1
e-1
e-1
dg
dg
g(s)
dg
dg
dg
pl
g(s)
c
pl
g(s)
c
g(s)
c
c
g(s)
c
pl
g
e-2
pl
c
c
tr
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
g
g
g
g
c
c
c
g
g
dg
dg
c
g
g
g