Surficial Geology of Herrin Quadrangle, Williamson and Franklin Counties, Illinois

              Illinois Geologic Quadrangle Map
IGQ Herrin-SG
Base map compiled by Illinois State Geological Survey from digital data provided by the
United States Geological Survey. Topography by photogrammetric methods from aerial
photographs taken in 1965. Field checked in 1968. Revision from aerial photographs taken
in 1976. Map edited in 1978.
North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27)
Projection: Transverse Mercator
10,000-foot ticks: Illinois State Plane Coordinate system, east zone (Transverse Mercator)
1,000-meter ticks: Universal Transverse Mercator grid system, zone 16
Recommended citation:
Follmer, L.R., and W.J. Nelson, 2010, Surficial Geology of Herrin Quadrangle, Williamson
and Franklin Counties, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geologic Quad-rangle
Map, IGQ Herrin-SG, 1:24,000.
Geology based on field work and data analysis by Leon R. Follmer and W. John Nelson,
2001–2004.
Natural Resource Conservation Service staff, Carbondale office, assisted with field work
and the drilling of stratigraphic test borings.
Digital cartography by Jane E.J. Domier, Jennifer E. Carrell, Amanda Tovey, Joseph B.
Magnotta, and Daniel R. Stevenson, Illinois State Geological Survey.
The Illinois State Geological Survey and the University of Illinois make no guarantee,
expressed or implied, regarding the correctness of the interpretations presented in this
document and accept no liability for the consequences of decisions made by others on the
basis of the information presented here. The geologic interpretations are based on data
that may vary with respect to accuracy of geographic location, the type and quantity of
data available at each location, and the scientific and technical qualifications of the data
sources. Maps in this document are not meant to be enlarged.
IGQ Herrin-SG
SURFICIAL GEOLOGY OF HERRIN QUADRANGLE
WILLIAMSON AND FRANKLIN COUNTIES, ILLINOIS
Leon R. Follmer and W. John Nelson
2010
1½ °
APPROXIMATE MEAN
DECLINATION, 2010
MAGNETIC NORTH
TRUE NORTH
ROAD CLASSIFICATION
Primary highway,
hard surface
Secondary highway,
hard surface
Light-duty road, hard or
improved surface
Unimproved road
State Route
ADJOINING
QUADRANGLES
1 Elkville
2 Christopher
3 West Frankfort
4 De Soto
5 Johnston City
6 Carbondale
7 Crab Orchard Lake
8 Marion
BASE MAP CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 FEET
NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929
1 2 3
4 5
6 7 8
© 2010 University of Illinois Board of Trustees. All rights reserved.
For permission information, contact the Illinois State Geological Survey.
1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 FEET
1 .5 0 1 KILOMETER
SCALE 1:24,000
1 1/ 2 0 1 MILE
Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability
William W. Shilts, Executive Director
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
E. Donald McKay III, Director
For more information contact:
Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability
Illinois State Geological Survey
615 East Peabody Drive
Champaign, Illinois 61820-6964
(217) 244-2414
http://www.isgs.illinois.edu
Williamson County surficial geology and 7.5-minute quadrangles.
"e 35547 Stratigraphic boring with continuous samples of surficial
sediments examined by the authors
Contact
Data Type
Note: Numeric labels indicate the county number, a portion of the
12-digit API number on file at the ISGS Geological Records Unit. Online
well and boring records are available from the ISGS Web site.
MARION
HERRIN
PITTSBURG
CRAB ORCHARD
JOHNSTON
CITY CRAB ORCHARD
LAKE
HARCO
DE SOTO
CARRIER
MILLS
GOREVILLE
LICK
CREEK
CARBONDALE
CREAL
SPRINGS
STONEFORT
MAKANDA
Equality–fine
Equality–silty
Equality–sandy
Disturbed ground
Cahokia Fm
Teneriffe Silt
Pearl Fm
Glasford Fm
Glasford Fm–
stratified
loess
bedrock
water
0 2 4 6
MILES
c
dg
e-2
e-1
g
g(s)
pl
e(s)
Interpretation
Made land; includes surface coal mines
in varying states of reclamation, along
with mine waste piles (gob and slurry)
Alluvium; mostly formed during
post-glacial times (Holocene); largely
derived from eroded Peoria loess; mildly
weathered and leached; weakly devel-oped
soil profile in the upper 5 feet;
underlain by Equality clay or fine sand at
lower elevations and by bedrock at higher
elevations
General characteristics: Glacial
slackwater lake deposits formed during
the last glaciation (Late Wisconsinan);
contains multiple fining-upward
sequences with few erosion surfaces and
no desiccation surfaces; moderately to
strongly weathered in upper 10 feet
forming well-developed soils (Alfisols);
thin alluvial or eolian deposits cover most
of unit; subdivided into three map units:
e-1, e-2, and e(s)
Fine-grained facies inset into e-2
forming a low terrace 0 to 10 feet above
floodplains along main rivers; scarps
rarely mark floodplain border; recent
alluvium transgressing onto unit in places;
mostly covered by well-developed, poorly
drained clayey soils
Silty facies forming a complex high
terrace; gentle scarps commonly
separate e-1 from e-2; covered by eolian
silt and local eolian sand with
well-developed soils more oxidized than
soils on the e-1 surface
Sandy facies in bar or natural levee
landforms superposed on e-2; mostly
glaciofluvial scarps and low ridges;
capped by eolian silt and sand overlying
silty clay lake deposits; soils are well
developed and more oxidized than soils
on the e-2 surface
Glacial fluvial and lacustrine deposits
of Illinoian age covered by 4 to10 feet of
loess (three loess units are distinguish-able
where thicker than about 5 feet:
upper–Peoria Silt, yellowish brown to gray
with strong pedologic structure resulting
from the formation of the modern soil;
middle–Roxana Silt, reddish brown to
reddish gray with weak pedologic
structure resulting from the formation of
the Farmdale Geosol; and lower-
Loveland Silt, brown to dark gray with
strong pedologic structure resulting from
the formation of the Sangamon Geosol;
the Peoria and Roxana occur at most
locations; the Loveland Silt is often
absent; loess units are largely distin-guished
by their pedogenic features);
upper part contains Sangamon Geosol;
forms several undifferentiated terrace
levels above e-2 and tr units, separated
by scarps in places producing a stepped
geomorphic surface; underlies Equality
formation north and west of Herrin; a
facies member between Teneriffe (tr) and
Glasford stratified deposits (g(s)) in
Illinoian glacial sequence of Williamson
County; formed during the next to the last
glaciation (Illinoian) as the result of
meltwater accumulation forming a large
lake basin that later evolved into the
modern Big Muddy River basin
General characteristics: Glacial till and
associated water-laid and mass wasted
deposits of Illinoian age covered by 5 to
10 feet of loess; largely derived from
Pennsylvanian shale; forms a veneer of
glacial drift deposits across the uplands
of most of Williamson County and fills in
preglacial valleys; loess cover thins on
sloping land along the southern border of
Williamson County; upper part contains
Sangamon Geosol; divisible into two map
units: Glasford stratified deposits (g(s))
and Glasford till (g); upland end member
facies of Illinoian glacial sequence
Ablation deposits; water transported
and glacial debris-flow deposits with
soft-sediment deformation features; likely
contains gravel at the base and overlies
dense basal till where glacial deposits are
thick; missing in places where loess
overlies eroded bedrock (bench); laterally
grades into till (g) or Pearl Formation
sand (pl); largely restricted to discontinu-ous
terrace levels (localized level areas)
across the uplands at elevations from 420
up to 550 feet; formed on the Illinoian
glacier after stagnation; temporary
ice-walled lakes accumulated sediments
that formed terraces now buried by loess;
erosional benches common in some
areas that form a continuous geomorphic
surface with terraces
Till; more dense and uniform than
diamicton in g(s); underlies most of the
gently rolling hills of the county; variable
thickness ranging from a veneer of a few
feet to over 100 feet thick in buried
valleys; upland facies end member of
Illinoian glacial sequence, made up of
map units g, g(s), pl, and tr; discontinuous
in places because of fluvial erosion or a
nondepositional mode of the glacier
(glacial erosion)
QUATERNARY DEPOSITS
Unit
HOLOCENE STAGE (Present to 10,000 years B.P.)
Disturbed ground
Cahokia Formation
WISCONSINAN STAGE (10,000 to 75,000 years B.P.)
Equality Formation
(divided into three units)
Equality Formation
(fine facies)
Equality Formation
(silty facies)
Equality Formation
(sandy facies)
ILLINOIAN STAGE (128,000 to 180,000 years B.P.)
Pearl Formation
Glasford Formation
(divided into two units)
Glasford
stratified deposits
Glasford till
Material
Man-made deposits; mixtures of
loess, glacial deposits, shale, and
coal mine wastes
Silt-rich deposits ranging from silt
loam to silty clay; dark gray to
brown, mottled below 3 feet, totally
gray below 10 feet; weakly bedded in
lower part; gravel lenses in lower
parts of thick intervals; noncalcare-ous
matrix but contains secondary
calcite nodules below solum of soil in
places; ranges up to 30 feet thick
General features: Silt loam to clay;
brown, olive, or dark gray with
common orange and black mottles;
uniformly gray below about 20 feet;
uniform in upper part, poorly to
distinctly bedded at depth; few lenses
of silt and coarse sand with some
gravel in lower parts of thick
intervals; calcareous in lower part
and leached of carbonates from
surface to 15 to 25 feet, calcite
nodules common in upper few feet of
calcareous interval; organic debris
and calcareous fossils common in
lower part; ranges up to 100 feet
thick
Clay to silty clay with a silt loam
surface layer many places; mostly
olive or gray with orange and black
mottles in upper part; ranges up to
100 feet thick; lower part may be unit
e-2.
Silty clay with a cover of silty or
loamy deposits 3 to 6 feet thick;
brown to mottled gray to uniform gray
with depth; ranges up to 50 feet thick
Silt loam to fine sandy loam up to
10 feet thick over faintly bedded silty
clay of e-2. Upper part is yellowish
brown and becomes gray below a
depth of about 20 feet
Fine sand to clay loam covered by
weathered silt loam to silty clay loam;
yellowish brown to mottled brown to
gray; strong pedogenic features and
clay-rich in upper 10 feet; leached to
a depth of about 20 feet below the
ground surface; calcareous and
bedded in lower part; commonly
thin-bedded very fine sand, well
sorted with a few thin lenses of silty
clay; secondary calcite common in
the upper part of the calcareous
zone; thickness uncertain, may range
up to 50 feet thick; beds of coarser
sand and gravel are expected near
base of unit
General features: Silty diamicton
dominated by silt loam and silty clay
loam with variable amounts of clay,
sand, and pebbles; covered by 5 to
10 feet of weathered silty clay loam
at most locations; brown to gray
colors with common yellowish and
dark mottles; strong pedogenic
features and more sand or clay in
upper 5 feet; leached to a depth of
about 20 feet below the ground
surface; stratified in places; dark
gray, compact, and unoxidized in
lower part, which commonly contains
detrital wood, pyrite, and other
oxidizable minerals; average
thickness 20 to 30 feet and can
exceed 100 feet thick in places;
pebble content from <1 to 5%,
dominated by Pennsylvanian
lithologies, mostly sandstone, quartz,
chert, and an assortment of crystal-line
rocks
Stratified clay loam, silt loam to
silty clay loam with lenses of sand
and loamy diamicton; deformed
structures and variable fabric and
textures; few fining-upward trends in
places overlying sparse pebble
bands
Silty clay loam diamicton that
varies from pebbly silty clay to silt
loam diamicton; very few pebbles in
places; typical till fabric, compact and
uniform
"e
"e
"e
"e
"e
"e
"e
"e
"e
"e
c
g
e-2
g
pl
dg
dg
e-2
e-1
dg
e-2
c
e-2
pl
c
pl
g
g(s)
e-2
e-1
pl
e-2
g(s)
e-1
e(s)
pl
g(s)
pl
c
e-1
g(s)
pl
g(s)
g(s)
c
g
e-2
dg
e-1
dg
e-1
e-2
g(s)
e-2
g(s)
dg
e-2
pl
e-1
pl g(s)
pl
dg
dg
g(s)
g
g(s)
g
dg
g(s)
g(s)
pl
e-2
dg
dg
e-1
g
g(s)
dg
e-2
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
e-1
c
e-1
pl
e-2
g(s)
c
e-1
e-1
e-1
e-2
e(s)
c
c
g
c
c
g(s)
pl
e(s)
e-2
e(s)
e-2
pl
c
c
c
e-2
dg
e-1
g(s)
c
e-1
c
e-1
pl
e-2
pl
e-1
e-2
g(s)
dg
e-1
e-1
pl
c
pl
dg
dg
g(s)
e-1
g(s)
g(s)
pl
c
pl
c
dg
e-2
e-1
e-1
e-2
pl
e-1
c
e-1
e-2
e-2
e-1
e-1
e-1
e-2
e-2
g(s)
pl
pl
e-2
e-1
dg
e-2
e-2
e-2
e-1
e-2
e-2
g
g(s)
c
g(s)
e-2
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
g
c
c
g
dg
24048
24038
24037
24036
24033
24021
24012
24007
24006
24013